初中英语语法课堂

  • 名称:初中英语语法课堂
  • 分类:初三课程  
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  • 时间:2022/7/14 14:23:06

情态动词讲解及练习(Modal Verbs)

* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”,因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。 * 情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有:can, could, may, might, shall, should,will, would, must,这九大情态动词;其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。

一、九大情态动词的时态关系:

  1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could  2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might  3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should

  4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would    5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must (常用had to来代替)

二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”

(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”:

 1. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。(否定句)

2. Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)

 3. Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯错误。(只表示理论上的可能性)

(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”:

 1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。

 2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。

 3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。

(3)will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”:

1. I think he will be all right now. 我想他现在一定好了。 (will be 表示一定会)

2. That would be his mother. 那肯定是他母亲。(would be 表示肯定是)

3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.

他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。(will 表示经常的)

(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”:

 1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。

 2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be)那准是Sam和他的母亲。

(5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必会”:

 1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。

 2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。

 3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗?

三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”

(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)

(1)can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”:

 1. Can I go with you? (请求)我能跟你一起走吗?

 2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。

 3. Could I ask you something? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转)我可以问你一件事吗?

(2)will 和 would 用于表示“请求”

 1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? 请问到邮局怎么走?(表示客气请求)

 2. Would you give me your address? 请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?(用would比will表示更客气)

(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见

 1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗?

 2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做?

 3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你?

(4)may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用can)

 1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。

 2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。

 3. May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗?

 4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗?

 5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)

  学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。

 6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句,表示请求)

  你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话。

(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不准”:

 1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。

 2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)

    你们不准在池里钓鱼。

四、情态动词表示“应该”、“必须”

(shall, should, may, might, must, ought to)

(1)shall 和 should 用于表示“必须”:

 ①. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定) 每一个会员必须配带名卡。

 ②. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该)我应该尽快给他回信。

 ③. You shouldn't judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn't “不应该”含有劝告的意思)

    你不应该总是以貌取人。

 ④. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等,表示义务和规定)

    新规则于一月一日起生效。

(2)may 和 might 用于表示“应该"(多用于法律等条文,一般上多用 shall):

 ①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定) 应以支票付款。

 ②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示应该)

    你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。

(3)must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”:

 ①. You must keep the place clean. (务必) 你务必保持地方干净。

 ②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务) 我们必须服从命令。

 ③. Must I pay now? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时,需用 needn't 或 don't have to)

    我现在就得付款吗?

五、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算”

(will, would, shall, should)

(1)will 和 would 用于表示某种意图:

 ①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称)我会尽快打电话给你。

 ②. Will you accept this invitation? (用would 则表示更客气)你愿意接受这邀请吗?

 ③. Who will do the job? (用于条件句,可用于各种人称) 谁愿意做这事?

 ④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿)我们不愿呆在这里太久。

(2)shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意图:

 ①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not)

    如果下雨,我们就不打算走了。

 ②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称)我不打算和你一同走。

六、情态动词表示“意愿”

(will, would, shall, should)

(1)will 和 would:

 ①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿) 如果你问她,她会做的。

 ②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用 would 比 will 客气)你想再来一杯茶吗?

 ③. Will you have some cookies? (will用于疑问句,表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗?

 ④. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于条件句,用于第二、三人称)如果他愿意,他会做的。

 ⑤. Would you excuse me? (would 表示婉转语气) 你能原谅我吗?

(2)shall 和 should:

①. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示说话人的意愿)

他会拿到他的津贴的。

 ②. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你乐意,坐多久能行。

 ③. Shall you go to school with me? (疑问句中,表示问对方的意愿)

    你愿意和我一起到学校去吗?

此外,情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的一个考查热点,现在以全国部分省市中考试题为例,对情态动词的考点和热点作一分析。

一、考查can的用法

a. 考查can表示能力的用法。

在这一用法中,can表示能力,意思是"能,会",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在过去时中用could和couldn't。例如:

1. --- Where's Mr. Lee? I have something unusual to tell him.

--- You________find him. He________Japan. (黑龙江)

A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to

2. --- Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK?

--- Sorry. It________in such a short time. (山东威海)

A. may do B. can't be done C. must do D. needn't be done

3. I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it. (江西)

A. must B. have to C. need to D. can

4.________you mend my car? I______not start it. (常德市)

A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may

5.________she ride when she was three years old? (长沙市)

A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May

6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. (四川省)

A. can B. may C. could

b. 考查can表示推测的用法。

在这一用法中,can意为"可能",表示客观可能性,常常用于疑问句和否定句中。例如:

7. --- Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?

--- No, it________be him. Mr. Li is much taller. (河北)

A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't

8. --- Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who________it be? Is it Wei Fang?

--- No. It________be her. She is at school now. (重庆市)

A. will; may not B. must; mustn't C. may; can't D. may; won't

9. --- Is Mr. Hu in the reading room?

--- No, he________be there. He has gone to Tianjin. (新疆)

A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't

10. Class 3 won the football match! ________it be true? (广东)

A. May B. Must C. Will D. Can

c. 考查can / could表示请求许可的用法

在这一用法中,can和could都表示现在,用could比用can语气更加委婉客气,常用Could I / you...?句式,表示"我/你能……吗?",若表示同意要用can,不用could。例如:

11. --- Could I look at your pictures?